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MARCH 2022 ISSUE

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  • Time of issue:2022-05-06 09:50
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MARCH 2022 ISSUE

(Summary description)

  • Categories:NEWS
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2022-05-06 09:50
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Information
MOST RECENT NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH AT A GLANCE
From Xixi Chen, Ph.D.

SWINE

(1) In weaned piglets, supplementing coated tannin at 0.15% significantly improved growth performance and crude protein digestibility, reduced diarrhea incidence, and improved intestinal functions; the benefits were comparable with the 1600 mg/kg ZnO group.
Zhejiang University, China
(2) In nursery pigs, feeding enzymatically treated yeast (0.5% for 14 days, then 0.25% from d 15-42) with or without ZnO (3000 ppm for 14 days, then 1500 ppm for d 15-42) showed that the yeast supplementation alone can improve growth performance and jejunal function and immunity compared to control, making it a potential alternative to ZnO, although the yeast+ZnO group had the best growth performance.
University of Guelph, Canada
(3) In grow-finish pigs fed from 25 kg to 150 kg, supplementing Vitamin E (11 and 200 ppm) and different fat sources (tallow, distiller’s corn oil, coconut oil) showed that VE at 200 pm improved growth performance, and all fat supplements had greater G:F, but no effects of VE supplementation and fat sources were found on carcass traits except for belly firmness (highest in coconut oil group and lowest in distiller’s corn oil group).
University of Kentucky
(4) Full-fat field cricket meal can be fed to weaning pigs to partially replace fishmeal and soybean meal without detrimental effects on performance and health.
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
(5) In wean to finish pigs, reducing crude protein by 3 and 5% reduced total N excretion by 11.7 and 24.4%; when supplementing synthetic amino acids to meet NRC 2012 AA requirement, reduced performance and carcass characteristics were observed, indicating an inaccurate estimate of NRC 2012 AA requirements or ratios to lysine in a low CP diet.
Purdue University
(6) In weaned pigs, a peptide-based supplementation in combination with mannose oligosaccharides and protease improved G:F in the nursery phase but were not maintained after pigs were transitioned to a common diet; they also modulated the composition of the gut microbiome.
South Dakota State University
(7) In gestating sows, increased feed intake improved both fat and protein retention, whereas increasing dietary fiber levels from sugar beet pulp (119, 152, 185, and 217 g/kg) increased protein retention.
Aarhus University , Denmark
(8) In growing pigs (26.9 kg, fed for 12 weeks) fed different types and levels of fiber, a Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection challenge negatively influenced clinical signs of dysentery and growth performance, fiber type (insoluble vs. soluble) did not influence the expression of the infection, but pigs fed the Low Fiber diet had a higher digestibility in all segment of the intestinal tract, whereas the High Soluble Fiber diet had the lowest digestibility.
Aarhus University, Denmark
#Review
Dietary fat effects on the reproductive performance of sows and their offsprings
A meta-analysis of related studies (19 papers) from 1986 to 2020 showed that compared to un- supplemented controls, fat supplementation to sow diet during late gestation and lactation can be beneficial for sow reproductive performance and litter growth performance.
China Agricultural University, China

POULTRY

(1) In broilers from 0, 7, 21, and 42 days, jejunal enterocytes were isolated and the oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acid in enterocytes was determined, and results showed that glutamate is the major metabolic fuel in the enterocytes of 0-42 d-old chickens; Compared with glutamate, oxidation of glutamine, aspartate, alanine, propionate, butyrate, and palmitate was limited in cells from all age groups.
Texas A&M University
(2) In broilers from 22-42 days of age, the optimal dietary Ca level would be 0.72% to support all of the Ca metabolism and bone development of broilers fed the corn-soybean meal diet.
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
(3) In laying hens under oxidative stress, supplementing resveratrol at 600 mg/kg maintained intestinal health and mitigate the impact of oxidative stress on production performance and egg quality.
Sichuan Agricultural University ,China
(4) In laying hens, supplementing microalgae (dried Nannochloropsis limnetica at 1, 2, 3%) enriched the egg yolk with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids without negatively affecting the layer performance and egg characteristics.
Wageningen University & Researchthe Netherlands
(5) In broilers, supplementing Red Osier Dogwood extract at 0.3% and 0.5% improved growth performance and ileal morphology, and modified caecal microbiota of broiler chickens, regardless of the intraperitoneal Salmonella Enteritidis-LPS challenge.
Dalhousie UniversityCanada
(6) In broilers under heat stress, supplementing vitamin E at 250 mg/kg and Selenium at 1 mg/kg reduced mortality (1.9 vs. 7.0% in control), and improved growth performance and carcass composition.
University of Georgia
(7) In Pekin ducks, supplementing 400 and 800 mg/kg Lactobacillus plantarum for 42 days improved FCR and intestinal health; and 400 mg/kg inclusion level worked better.
China Agricultural University,China
(8) In broilers and Pekin ducks, monodicalcium phosphate (MCP) has higher biological availability than dicalcium phosphate (DCP) for both species --- the average ileal P digestibility/excreta P retention of MCP and DCP for broilers were 83.11%/74.52% and 75.34%/69.46% and for ducks were 79.37%/80.02% and 75.74%/76.44%, respectively.
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
(9) In aged mal breeder chickens (65 weeks old), supplementing 0.4 g/kg quercetin + 0.2 g/kg vitamin E improved spermatogenesis, sperm quality, and immune responses.
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
(10) In broilers from 11-24 days of age, SID Ca requirement was estimated to be 0.380, 0.488, and 0.515% for optimal P retention, AID of Ca, and tibia ash%, respectively. This corresponds to a SID Ca to available P ratio of 0.86 to 1.17.
DSM
Review #1
Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L- citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry
This review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for heat stress alleviation, and to
stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
Shandong Agricultural University , China
Review # 2
Artificial gut model in poultry
This review describes current practices in the use of artificial guts in research, their importance in poultry nutrition studies, and highlights an opportunity to develop a dynamic gut model for poultry to reduce the number of in vivo experiments.
University of New England , Australia
RUMINANT
(1) In lactating dairy cows, abomasal infusions of polysorbates C18:1 improved the digestibility and absorption of fatty acid, and increased milk fat yield.
Michigan State University
(2) NEFA (Non-esterified fatty acids) have a negative effect on lymphocyte functions; their inhibitory effect on cytokine secretions increased with the degree of unsaturation.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canad
(3) Reducing both milking frequency and feed quantity in the automated milking systems is the most efficient method to decrease milk yield before dry-off, without negatively influencing milking frequency, yield in the next lactation, or milk quality.
University of Guelph
(4) Feeding rumen-protected glutamate during the periparturient period canincrease digestive capacity and feed intake, and decrease mobilization of body fat and protein immediately after calving without affecting milk production.
University of Alberta
(5) Comparable with mechanical processing methods (grinding and dry rolling), thermal processing (crumbled) of corn grain improved growth performance of weaned heifers, but had no effect on feed efficiency.
University of Florida
(6) Bovine lactoferrin has a broad inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 variants, and custom chewable lactoferrin tablets formulated in dextrose or sorbitol have equivalent potency to unformulated samples.
University of Michigan
(7) Feeding gallic acid improved growth, antioxidant function, and rumen fermentation and altered the bacterial community in the rumen fluid and feces of preweaning dairy calves.
Northeast Agricultural University, China
(8) Dietary supplementation of rumen-protected leucine improved starch digestibility in the small intestine of lactating goats, as shown in reduced hindgut starch fermentation with unchanged starch intake, apparent total tract digestibility of starch, and rumen fermentation parameters.
Northwest A & F University, China
(9) Biodiverse haylage based-diets increased growth performance of bulls, reduced the use of concentrates in finishing bulls; the inclusion of agro-industrial by-products in bull diets had no impact on performance; supplementation of sunflower seed reduced in vitro methane emissions and improved meat lipid composition and stability.
INIAV, Portugal
(10) Adding 300 g/kg corn-cob mix to 500 g/kg grass silage maintained animal performance, whereas adding 300 g/kg maize silage did not ensure normal performance. Higher levels of grass silage sustained physicochemical and sensory meat quality, and decreased the n–6/n–3 fatty acids ratio in the meat.
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland
Review #1
The role of rumen epithelial urea transport proteins in urea nitrogen salvaging
The symbiotic relationship between the host and the rumen microbiome plays a crucial role in ruminant physiology. One of the most important processes enabling this relationship is urea nitrogen salvaging (UNS)...This review will first detail the importance of the UNS process in ruminants. It will then focus on the crucial role played by transepithelial urea transport across the ruminal wall, specifically the urea transport proteins known to be involved. Further focus will be given to the regulation of these transport mechanisms and the importance of utilizing appropriate techniques in their investigation
Lanzhou University, China
Review #2
Review of taxonomic changes in dairy- related lactobacilli
This review examines how the taxonomic restructuring of the genus Lactobacillus will affect the dairy industry and discuss lactobacilli associated with dairy production, processing, and those that confer possible health benefits when delivered by dairy products.
Utah State University
Review #3
The importance of colostrum in the newborn dairy calf
This review summarized the importance of colostrum in the newborn dairy calf, methods of feeding colostrum and overcoming colostrum shortages, the factors that influence passive immunity, and assessment of successful passive immunity and failure of transfer of passive immunity.
The Pennsylvania State University
Review #4
Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: Microbiological and nutritional causes, consequences, and prevention strategies
This review aims to explore a better understanding of the crosstalk between diet and microbiota in the prevalence of rumen acidosis and its consequences, which is crucial for control strategies such as feeding management, and supplementation with thiamine, prebiotics, and probiotics.
Yangzhou University, China
 
This article has been authorized by Xixi Chen, Ph.D.

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