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JUANUARY 2022 ISSUE
- Categories:NEWS
- Author:DDC
- Origin:Xixi Chen, Ph.D
- Time of issue:2022-02-16 14:39
- Views:
JUANUARY 2022 ISSUE
(Summary description)
- Categories:NEWS
- Author:DDC
- Origin:Xixi Chen, Ph.D
- Time of issue:2022-02-16 14:39
- Views:
Information
MOST RECENT NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH AT A GLANCE
From Xixi Chen, Ph.D.
Link: https://nutrihits.com
SWINE
（1）Iron status of sows has a great influence on reproductive performance. A study using 500 sows with 1st to 6th parities at different gestation stages (25, 55, 75, 95, 110 days of gestation) showed that hemoglobin during pregnancy had a negative linear correlation with litter weight and average weight; requirements for iron during gestation were varied in different gestation periods and parities.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
（2）In growing pigs supplemented with antibiotics vs. amino acid blend (10 g/kg Arg and 2 g/kg Gln) for 14 days and then on a common diet for another 14 days, the antibiotic group had a better performance during the first 14 days, but pigs fed the amino acid diet had greater ADG and ADFI than those fed an antibiotic diet once switched to common diet.
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
（3）In piglets, the nutritional value of fish protein hydrolysate was determined: DE = 12.12 MJ/kg, ME = 20.28 MJ/kg, SID of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp were 80.0%, 87.2%, 68.3%, and 71.5% , respectively, and supplementation of 3% helped improve nutrient digestibility.
China Agricultural University, China
（4）In weaning piglets with intrauterine growth restriction, dietary dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation at 0.1% for 28 days alleviated redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction mainly by activating the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC1α) pathway.
Nanjing Agricultural University
（5）In an assessment of gut development in piglets from weaning to 14-d post-weaning, it was found that weaning induced noteworthy changes in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and shedding, and the mTOR signaling pathway was involved in this process. This may provide nutritionists with better insight into designing efficient in-feed alternatives for preventing the unfavorable gut development in weaning piglets.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
（6）In weaned piglets, supplementing 300 mg/kg essential oil and/or 500 mg/kg protease had no significant effects on growth performance, but essential oil appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota, while protease improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, and there was a synergistic effect of essential oil and protease on reducing inflammatory parameters.
Sichuan Agricultural University ,China
Review
Gut microbiota-derived SCFA are potential mediators in gut inflammation
In this review, the existing knowledge about the types of SCFA, the related gut microbes producing SCFA, the roles of SCFA in maintaining gut homeostasis, and how SCFA modulate gut inflammation is summarized. The therapeutic application of SCFA in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also highlighted.
HuazhongAgricultural University, China
POULTRY
（1）In Ross 308 broilers, supplementing protease reduced heat increment and positively affected FCR and energy partitioning, this responses were most apparent in a reduced-amino acids diet (34 g/kg below standard).
Mississippi State University
（2）In a broiler trial using 90 different experimental diets with varying trypsin inhibitor activity (0.4 to 8.5 mg/g TIA), TIA depressed the prececal digestibility of every single AA significantly in a straight linear fashion; this questions the usefulness of defined upper limits of TIA in
soy products, on the other hand, TIA must be considered when testing raw components for their feed protein value in vivo.
University of Zurich, Switzerland
（3）In broiler chicks under a necrotic enteritis challenge, supplementing 4 different sophorolipids at 200 mg/kg increased BW and ADG, and two of the sophorolipids decreased gut lesion scores.
USDA
（4）In broilers, in ovo co-administration of vitamin A & D and probiotic at embryonic d 18 showed that vitamin A administration improved immunocompetency of neonatal chickens by increasing the production of cytokines that regulate innate immunity and through enhancing antibody-mediated response against T-dependent antigens.
University of Guelph
（5）In laying hens (35 weeks of age) under coccidia and clostridium perfringens challenge, supplementating a blend of benzoic acid, enterococcus faecium, and essential oil for 6 weeks improved production performance (higher laying rate, lower FCR) and eggshell quality, and protected intestinal health against Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) and coccidia challenge.
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Review #1
Precision intestinal nutrition: knowledge and gaps regarding the role of amino acids during an enteric challenge
This paper discusses precision nutrition, the dietary AA demands of the intestine, consequences of coccidiosis on AA needs of the intestine, and formulation approaches to meet these altered needs. In summary, increased dietary protein met by intact proteins has consistently demonstrated its benefits during an Eimeria spp. infection; however, to further the goal of precision nutritional programs, feeding higher levels of a specific AA to support desired functions such as intestinal recovery or immune function for birds experiencing an enteric stress still require further evaluation.
University of Arkansas
Review #2
Intestinal nutrition: role of vitamins and biofactors and gaps of knowledge
Although the intestinal microbiota has first access to consumed nutrients, including vitamins, and is potentially a major contributor to production of various vitamins, the quantification of these impacts remains very poorly understood in poultry. This review discusses the changes in nutrient requirements for poultry, interactions between vitamins and the gut microbiota, and the biofactor interactions between the host and microbiota, and our knowledge gaps.
University of Alberta
Review #3
Functional Role of Branched Chain Amino Acids in poultry
This review provides insight into the effects of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on the growth, production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of poultry.Topics discussed include:
- Requirements of BCAA in broilers/layers/other poultry species
- In ovo administration of BCAA
- BCAA on gut development, immunity, and microbiota
- BCAA on skeletal development
- Future BCAA poultry research
University ofGeorgia
RUMINANT
（1）Supplementing rumen-protected and n-3 PUFA-enriched fat (encapsulated linseed oil) during lactation in dairy cows increased milk yield, modulated adiponectin expression, and improved reproductiveparameters.
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
（2）Compared to pelleted barley, feeding steam-flaked barley during milking reduced motivation for cows to voluntarily enter the automated milking systems, but did not affect milk performance.
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
（3）Compared with high crude protein (18%) concentrate, late lactation grazing dairy cows received low crude protein (14%) concentrate supplement had increased pasture dry matter intake (+0.9 kg/d), decreased N utilization efficiency (-2.3%), while no negative influence on milk production or composition was observed.
University College Dublin, Ireland
（4）Feeding single-dam colostrum (from own and other dam) can improve calf immunity through increased serum IgG levels and antibody survival rates. Providing pooled colostrum may have antibodies against different strains of viruses and bacteria, yielding cross protection.
Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Ireland
（5）Feeding 3 g/d of fennel seed powder may be beneficial for improving the weight gain and skeletal growth (heart girth and hip width) and reducing the susceptibility and duration of diarrhea and pneumonia in dairy calves.
Shiraz University, Iran
（6）Dietary addition of dragon fruit peel pellet at 400 g/day with urea at 100 g/day improved rumen fermentation, plasma antioxidant activity, milk yield and milk fat percentage of lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows.
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
（7）Feeding 25(OH)D3 could effectively improve growth performance, plasma minerals, hormones concentration, and enhance the antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin of calves.
Northeast Agriculture University, China
（8）Buriti oil addition at levels above 24 g/kg DM in lamb diet reduced growth, while increased the 18:0 & decreased the 16:0 fatty acids in meat; it also decreased the yellowness, shear force and goaty aroma of meat.
Federal University of Campina Grande , Brazil
（9）Insect products have been suggested as novel alternative feeds for ruminants. Insect oils (black soldier fly, cricket or silkworm) had no detrimental effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, among which, cricket oil showed a good potential to favorably modulate biohydrogenation. In addition, insect chitosan had no effect on biohydrogenation or fermentation.
CSIC-University of León , Spain
（10）Ruminants fed with legume silage would release a great amount of methane into environment. Inclusion of sainfoin into alfalfa mitigated rumen methane emission during in vitro ruminal fermentation, but lowered silage non-protein nitrogen level. Meanwhile, rumen acetate to propionate ratio decreased with increasing proportion of sainfoin.
Lanzhou University , China
This article has been authorized by Xixi Chen, Ph.D.
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